Monday, September 29, 2008

Race, Reconciliation & The Missional Church: A Confession

Race, Reconciliation & The Missional Church: A Confession




Over the last few days I have been following the articles over at the God's Politics blog in respect to issue of Race & the New Monasticism. These articles both thrilled me and tormented me as I read them. They thrilled me with their incredibly important challenges, while tormented me in the difficult helpless, almost hopeless state it left me as a white male leader. Neither outweighed the other- in fact, the tension of these issues is critical. However, in the end, I am exhausted.

As our ministry here in Winnipeg increasingly moves towards what could be described as a "new monastic" model (insofar as we are increasingly and intentionally embracing the 12 Marks), I struggle with the reality that I am another white male leader in a largely non-white inner city context. It is easier for me, perhaps, on two counts: first, we are still in formation and so, in a way, the jury is still out; and second, because in the co-leadership of our ministry, my wife is increasingly the primary leader. However the questions need to be asked.

Our neighbourhood is crippled with the racial divisions that turn neighbour against neighbour, often leading to violence and murder. We have very much mourned these divisions, including those more subtle, but equally devastating divisions within our Christian communities. Most of us in our missional community have little confidence in the well intentioned event-oriented reconciliation methods so popular in previous decades. We want to actively pursue reconciliation- and we do!- but recognize that it is a long path to walk with many challenges along the way.

We have sought to intentionally diversify our community with mixed success, sharing our home and life with people of different races, cultures, socioeconomic standing and mental health. However, after nearly 7 years the core community remains white, middle class (though more women than men by far). This is not to say that we do not have strong relationships with community leaders & pastors, representing a variety of racial and cultural backgrounds. We have survived as a missional community in large part through submitted trust and even reliance on their wisdom and support. The same goes to our neighbours, even those leading lives of crime, violence and exploitation- even they have been essential "teachers" and guides in our formation.

However, we have not seen that diversity within our immediate community last more than a couple of years at best. Most move on, though remain strongly tied to us in relationship. Those who brought critical leadership, almost without exception, ended up investing themselves into ministries, churches, organizations, etc. that were predominantly made up of those of their own race (though sadly, virtually all of those were outside our neighbourhood, making partnership with them unlikely). And so we remain, genuinely following the vocation we received from the Lord, yet discouraged that we seem to be perpetuating the division we were called to mend.

I think part of what discourages me is the depth of the roots of these issues. While we must work at the grassroots to nurture reconciliation and a mutuality and diversity into our communities, I also know that the larger system of our culture is deeply flawed. Until it is challenged and changed, it will not be surprising that some (i.e. white males like myself) will have more opportunity to be in positions of leadership within the new monastic movement (and the Church at large). This is not an excuse of inaction or maintaining the status quo, but to help us open our eyes to the bigger issue, being careful not to saddle a few privileged with all the responsibility and expectation to bring about the change. After all, that only feeds into the problem.

In the most recent article in the series, Sam & Rosalee Ewell close with the question:
"As we read it, Jason and Vonetta, Eliacin, and Gabriel don't question whether white guys can be in the band. But they raise another question: What would it look like to be in the band without leading it?"
While I full embrace the inherent and necessary challenge of this question, I cannot help but be frustrated with how that translates on the grassroots. In our community, my wife & I have attempted for years to share the leadership, even give it away, in our attempt to build a more embracing community. And yet, no matter what we have done, the leadership remains with us. While we are vocationally confident we are where we are meant to be, we are also exhausted, longing to see others come alongside, either to lead with us or simply to lead us themselves. It just has not happened.

I know that Sam & Rosalee (nor any of the other writers) would suggest that no white male should be in leadership in the new monastic movement, but in the midst of the discussion it is hard to consider that as a possible answer in some cases. After all, we would be perpetuating the same mistakes if we decided qualification for leadership based on gender and race. But it remains something that can be deeply discouraging for me, as a white male leader in my context.

That being said, I want to make something clear: I am willing to live with that discomfort, discouragement and uncertainty. I am willing even to be the brunt of the anger, frustration and dissatisfaction of others over this issue. Why? Because it is a small thing compared to what has been lost by those, losses upon which my own privilege has been built. I wanted to be honest about my frustation, but also open to the reality that it is but a drop in the bucket of what others have paid for my position in life.

If I could offer anything of my own experience and wisdom to the discussion it would be in these two points:
First, that we are careful not to endow positional leadership within these movements with more value than they deserve. Again, this is not to say that the leadership imbalance should not be addressed- it must! Rather, I am suggesting that, in God's Kingdom the significance of ones authority and influence is not measured by being the founder, the leader or the man-in-charge, but by submitted obedience to be Christ. Should white males need to give up leadership more often (and we do), it should be in order that we can embrace the true privilege of service of Christ and neighbour.
Second, while we should never underplay the historic and continued injustices that so many have suffered at the hands of the privileged few, leadership is often a costly and thankless responsibility. As we seek to to pursue a mutual and equal expression of leadership and community, let us now ignore the historic and continued service of many white men, people who gave of themselves for God and neighbour with little to show for it. We must embrace a justice that not only corrects, but also restores.

I look to the future with uncertainty, not a little bit of angst, and a modicum of hope. This issue is increasingly important to me as my wife & I prepare to adopt an Ethiopian child into our family, powerfully personalizing the realities of race

May God, in His mercy and grace, lead us into the unity of His Spirit, binding us together as one Body.

Amen.

source: http://missional.blog.com/

PATRIARCHS OF THE APOSTOLIC SEE OF ANTIOCH WHO HAD VISITED INDIA

PATRIARCHS OF THE APOSTOLIC SEE OF ANTIOCH WHO HAD VISITED INDIA

The Syrian Church in India which is believed to have been established by Apostle St. Thomas in AD 52 continues to be in the Orthodox faith primarily because of the sacrifices of many of the Syrian fathers of yesteryears who came here ignoring great difficulties for which the Malankara Syrian Christians are greatly indebted. The strength, power, glory, growth and the very existence of Malankara Syrian Church is unequivocally related to these holy fathers, many of whose identity are unknown. Scarcity of the church records of the pre-Portuguese era is the major obstacle in getting the complete list of these Holy fathers. However there is a strong historical reference to the arrival of a Syrian Orthodox Metropolitan named Mor Youseph in AD 345, who reached Malabar/Malankara along with Thomas Cana (Kanai Thoma) from Edessa (in the present Turkey). Later many prelates have been sent by the Patriarchs of Antioch on the request of the Syrian Christians of Malankara, some of the widely venerated among there are Maphriyono St. Baselios Yeldho (Kothamangalam), St. Gregorios of Jerusalem (N. Paravur), Maphriyono Mor Baselios Shakralla (Kandanad), Mor Kurillos Yuyakkim (Mulanthuruthy) and St. Osthatheos Sleebo (Kunnamkulam). Though the list of Syrian Metropolitans who came here are many, only five heads of the Church had visited Malankara, that too in the last 2 centuries and Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas is the only church head who visits India more than once, thanks to the increased transporting facilities of the 20th century.

H.H. Ignatius Zakka I Iwas the Patriarch of Antioch and all the East blessing the faithful

Venue: Mor Baselios Paulose II Nagar, Marine Drive, Cochin; Sep 21, 2004

Patriarch Moran Mor Ignatius Ahattulla (Abdulla of Turabdin-1653)

In fact the first known Syrian Orthodox Patriarch who set out to reach his flock in Malankara was Moran Mor Ignatius Ahattulla (Abdulla of Turabdin), but enroute he was imprisoned by the Portuguese navy and was murdered and drowned in sea in AD. 1653, an incident which resulted in a massive revolt by the native Syrian Christians against the Portuguese and their Roman Catholic counterparts. As and when the news about this brutal murder of their spiritual leader spread, the agitated Syrian Christians numbering about 25000, assembled at Mattancherry near Cochin and took oath to protect their Church from the illegitimate dominance of Roman Bishops, a problem that was haunting them more than a century, and vowed to ever remain loyal to the Holy Apostolic See of Antioch, maintaining their ancient rites and traditions, which their forefathers were very keen to follow. This landmark event is recorded in the history as 'koonan kurisu sathyam' (Oath at the leaning Cross). The Syrian fathers who subsequently came to Malankara helped to reestablish the Orthodox faith and the Holy church was rebuilt once again.

The strength, power, glory, growth and the very existence of Malankara Syrian Church is unequivocally related to the holy fathers of yore who against all odds and impediments reached here and guided us from time to time in order to uphold Petrine Succession with the stamp of authentic apostolic entity. The faith, priesthood, liturgy, rites, rituals and practices, hierarchic protocols, the appellations and vestments – everything has been of the Antiochean Church. The sacrifices made on our behalf by the Syrian holy fathers are legendary.

The holy Patriarchs of Antioch & all the East who had visited India:

1. MORAN MOR IGNATIUS PETER IV
Patriarch of Antioch (1872-1894)

Though many Syrian fathers came to Malankara after the untoward incident of 1653, the first Patriarch of Antioch who visited this land was Moran Mor Ignatius Peter IV (also known as Pethros III in Malankara) in 1875.

The credit for the end of the discrimination by the British missionaries goes to this Patriarch. It was he who introduced a democratic system of administration in the Malankara Church through the formation of the 'Jacobite Syrian Christian Association'. The historic Mulanthuruthy Synod which took this important decision was held in A.D. 1876 under the presidency of His Holiness. Later the Patriarch ordained six Metropolitans of which one was the St. Gregorios Geevarghese (Parumala Thirumeni), his private secretary.

On 27 August 1876, His Holiness consecrated Holy Mooron at the Mulanthuruthy Marthoman Church. This was the first time in the history of the Church the Holy Mooron was consecrated in Malankara. After staying in Malankara for 2 years the Patriarch returned in 1877. He died on 8th October 1894 (M.E. 1070 'Kanni' 25) and was entombed at the Mor Gabriel monastery (Kurkuma Dayro) at Turabdin in Turkey.

2. MORAN MOR IGNATIUS ABDED 'ALOHO (Abdulla II)

Patriarcah of Antioch (1906-1915)

In 1909 came the Patriarch Moran Mor Ignatius Abded 'Aloho. He stayed here for almost 2 years in quest of solving the problems in the Indian Church. During his apostolic visit, H.H. ordained two Metropolitans, St. Athanasius Paulose (Valiya Thirumeni of Malankara) on June 9, 1910 at Akaparambu Church and Mor Severious Geevarghese (Edavazhikal) of Knanaya diocese on August 28, 1910. On 19 August 1911, the Holy Mooron was consecrated for the second time in Malankara which was again at the Mulanthuruthy Marthoman Church.

On 30 August 1911 the Malankara Association was convened at Aluva under the presidency of His Holiness the Patriarch. It was this convention, held for three consecutive days, which elected Mor Koorilose Paulose (Kochuparambil) as the Malankara Metropolitan. The Patriarch returned on 14 October 1911. He died on 9 December 1915 and was entombed at St. Mark's Dayro, Jerusalem.

3. ST. IGNATIUS ELIAS III

Patriarch of Antioch (1917-1932)

In 1931 came the Holy Patriarch of Antioch & all the East Moran Mor Ignatius Elias III. His mission in Malankara was to bring peace in the divided church. H.H. traveled throughout Malankara and held several round of talks in this process. But the Holy Father's extensive tour and severe mental agony he had to face, weakened him physically and mentally. On 13 February 1932 H.H. entered into eternal rest during his stay at the Mor Stephanos church. The same morning while offering the Holy Qurbono, the Holy Father during the sermon said "We came to India with the sole purpose of ushering peace and open the Door of Peace, but sorry, all our efforts are in vein.... We are extremely unhappy to see our own limbs, is being lost! Our heart is breaking.... we would never forget your loyalty to the Holy See. We are confident that we would be with our Lord in His majestic second coming; May God bless you all and your families...." It was at 2.30 in the evening the Holy father passed away. The mortal remains of the holy Patriarch was entombed at Mor Ignatius Dayro at Majanikkara on 14th.

While in Malankara, the Holy Father had once convened a Church delegates meeting at Kuruppumpady, which is popularly known as the Kuruppumpady Yogam, on 5 July 1931. This was the 3rd time a Patriarch of Antioch had been presiding in a Malankara Association meeting.

The memory of the holy Patriarch is revered throughout the Syriac Orthodox Church and especially in Malankara where thousands of pilgrims reach the tomb, by foot, on the annual feast day, from various parts of the Kerala state. He is the only Patriarch of Antioch whose remains are interred in Malankara and his tomb stands as a towering symbol of the sacrifices made by the Syriac fathers to nurture the church in Malankara. The Saintly Patriarch's name is remembered in the fifth diptych since 1987.

(Biography of the Holy father is available at http://sor.cua.edu/Personage/PElias3/index.html)

4. MORAN MOR IGNATIUS YAKUB III
Patriarch of Antioch (1957-1980)

Three decades later, Patriarch Moran Mor Ignatius Yakub III visited Malankara with a mission to consecrate a new Catholicose for the reunited Malankara Church. On 22 May 1964 H.H. consecrated the first Canonical Catholicose by name Mor Baselios Augen I, for Malankara, at the Mar Elia Chapel, Kottayam. Incidentally, Mor Severios Zakka, the present Patriarch of Antioch was one of the co-celebrants in the consecration ceremony. The Patriarch left India the next month.

(Right) H.H. the Patriarch Mor Yakub III installs Mor Augen as the Catholicos of the East at Kottayam.

(Left) The Catholicos-designate Mor Augen reading the Pledge of Loyalty to the Holy See

Pledge by Mor Augen during his Catholicos consecration: “ I the feeble and meak Augen Mor Themotios chosen for ecclesiastical office of the Catholicos confess my belief before the Synod, and before the head of the Synod His Holiness Moran Mor Ignatius Yacoub III Patriarch of Antioch and all the East that, the Patriarch is my head, that I accept from St.Peter the head of Holy Apostles upto your Holiness all the canonical Patriarchs who reigned on your Throne and all those who come after your Holiness. Once again I repeat my canonical connections with the Holy Throne of Antioch. I swear that I shall not depart from this solemn oath.”

Though as the supreme head of the Universal Syrian Orthodox Church, it was his first visit, as Rabban Abdul Ahad, he had been at Majanikkara Dayro for many years teaching Syriac and theology for the seminarians.

On 7 September 1975, H.H. ordained the second Catholicose for Malankara Mor Baselios Paulose II at the Patriarchal cathedral, Damascus. H.H. passed away on 25th June 1980 and was laid to rest at the Cathedral church, Syria.

5. MORAN MOR IGNATIUS ZAKKA I WAS

H.H. the Patriarch being welcomed at the Cochin Airport in 1982 by H.B. Catholicos Mor Baselios Paulose II,

the present Catholicos Aboon Mor Baselios Thomas I and others

Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas is the only Patriarch of Antioch who has visited Malankara more than once, first in 1982, two years after his Patriarchal enthronement and then in April 2000 to attend the Episcopal Golden Jubilee of the then Chief Metropolitan of the East Mor Clemis Abraham of Knanaya diocese. While the first Apostolic visit lasted for 50 days, the second was for only 3 days. In each of these visits millions of faithful thronged at various places to have a glimpse of their beloved spiritual leader. During the first Apostolic visit, H.H. consecrated the Holy Myron at Manarcad Marth Mariam church on 27 February. It was the third time in the history of the Church the Holy Myron was consecrated in Malankara. On 6 March H.H. also ordained a Metropolitan at the Kothamangalam Marthoma Cheriaplly. During the 3rd Apostolic Visit of the Patriarch, His Holiness consecrated the Holy Mooron in Malankara once again, after a gap of 22 years.

This time His Holiness is coming on the special request of Malankara Church to participate in the Sacerdotal Golden Jubilee celebrations of the regional head of the Church in India, Catholicos Aboon Mor Baselios Thomas I. During the apostolic visit of the Holy father this time, a Malankara Association meet will be convened at Puthencuriz. Millions of faithful in India are eagerly waiting to welcome His Holiness.

1982 APOSTOLIC VISIT

H.H. the Patriarch along with H.B. Catholicos Baselios Paulose II and other Metropolitans ordaining

Assistant Metropolitan for Angamali diocese by name Mor Severios at Kothamangalam on 6 March 1982

2000 APOSTOLIC VISIT

H.H. the Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas addressing the mammoth gathering at the Nehru

Stadium, Kottayam, Kerala on 8th April 2000, during his 2nd Apostolic visit to India


2004 APOSTOLIC VISIT

His Holiness the Patriarch, His Beatitude the Catholicos
& Metropolitan Mor Thimotheos with the Vice-President of India in 2004

Leader of the Opposition & the B.J.P. Parliamentary Party leader S

hri. L K Advani greets His Holiness during 2004 visit

source: http://www.syrianchurch.org/ApostolicVisit2008/apostolic_visit_PatriarchsinIndia.htm

Patriarch of Antioch to Visit India

The Patriarch of Antioch and the head of the Universal Syriac Orthodox Church, H.H Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka-I Ivas, will visit the Manjanikkara Dayaro and the tomb of St. Elias-III, the one and only Syriac Patriarch entombed in Malankara, in 1932, and at the adjoining Dayaro Church in the last quarter of October, reception committee office-bearers have said.

The reception committee meet chaired by Youhanon Mor Milithios Metropolitan at Manjanikkara, on Friday chalked out arrangements for a ceremonious reception to the patriarch. The meeting nominated Fr. Mathew Philip (Niranom), Jose Panachackal and Binu Vazhamuttom (Thumpamon) and Zacharia Mathew (Kollam) to the central reception committee.

Though the date of the patriarchal visit to the district is yet to be finalised, the organisers said he is likely to reach Manjanikkara on October 24 or 25.

Mor Milithios said the patriarch would also visit St. Mary‚s Cathedral in Pathanamthitta, besides offering prayers at the tomb of St Elias-III.

H.H will also participate in the consecration of St. George Syrian Jacobite Church at Kavumbhagom, Thiruvalla.

The patriarch will participate in the episcopal jubilee celebrations of Catholicos Baselius Thomas-I at Ernakulam on October 19.

Mor Milithios said this was the patriarch‚s fourth visit to Malankara. He said believers from the Kollam, Niranom and Thumpamon dioceses will attend the episcopal jubilee celebrations of Catholicos Baselius Thomas-I.

Special arrangements for transportation of the faithful to Ernakulam on October 19 will also be made from different parishes in the district.

Mathews Mor Theodoseus Metropolitan, Mathews Mor Aprem Metropolitan and church managing committee members, M.A. Paulose, Chev. Biby Abraham and Aji Jacob also attended the meeting.

SOCM News Bureau - Manjanikkara

Sunday, September 28, 2008

Suffering & Orthodox Prayer

Suffering & Orthodox Prayer

by George Aramath

Shroro

It has been said that there are two certainties in life: death and taxes. In the category of death, suffering plays an equal role. Suffering is a part of life that cannot be avoided; no matter if you’re rich or poor, black or white, young or old, atheist or Christian. Everyone faces suffering at different points in their life. Of course, there are differing degrees of suffering but the basic fact still remains, suffering is one other certainty in life. The more important question is how we will react to our sufferings. The prayers of the Orthodox Church offer answers to this question.

In looking at the world we live in, suffering is faced all throughout our life. At its initial stage, birth is a suffering or crisis. “From a blissful existence as close to Nirvana as we will ever know in this life, we are ejected out into the cold and noise” (O’Malley 42). One begins life with crying and distress. Ironically, if one were to stay in the comforts of the womb for too long, then death would follow. The distress of leaving that comfort zone essentially saves the life of the baby. After birth, the sufferings do not stop. When the mother, who has been the support and comfort for the child, leaves him in front of the kindergarten doorway with strangers, he goes through another suffering. Once he becomes an adult, he will eventually give up a part of his independence to join with another in marriage. This stage requires making many compromises and adjusting to the other person; it is another suffering. And in the end, the last stages of life certainly come with sufferings when one begins to realize that they are aging. He goes through “the inevitable challenge of aging, slowing down, losing the edge; and the final stage of human growth: death” (O’Malley 42).

So suffering is a certainty, but the more important question is how we will react to its inevitability. In looking into this question, how does the Orthodox Church react to suffering and pain through their prayers? One of these prayers is offered during “times of trouble”.

Shroro O God, our help and assistance, who is just and merciful, and who hears the supplications of Your people; look down upon me, a miserable sinner, have mercy upon me, and deliver me from this trouble that besets me, for which, I know, I am deservedly suffering. I acknowledge and believe, O Lord, that all trials of this life are given by You for our chastisement, when we drift away from You, and disobey Your commandments; deal not with me after my sins, but according to Your bountiful mercies, for I am the work of Your hands, and You know my weakness. Grant me, I beseech You, Your divine helping Grace, and endow me with patience and strength to endure my tribulations with complete submission to Your will. You know my misery and suffering and to You, my only hope and refuge, I flee for relief and comfort; trusting to Your infinite love and compassion, that in due time, when You know best, You will deliver me from this trouble, and turn my distress into comfort, when I shall rejoice in Your mercy, and exalt and praise Your Holy Name, O Father, Son, and Holy Spirit: now and ever and unto the ages of ages. Amen

From this meaningful prayer, we learn that pain exists due to three main reasons. First, we suffer because of our sins. This is an awful reality. God created humans in Eden within a perfect system, but with the pluck of their hands, their disobedience led to sin, which began the cycle of pain. Because of Adam’s disobedience, God declares, “Accursed be the soil because of you. With suffering shall you get your food from it everyday of your life” (Genesis 3:17-8). Suffering begins at this point. “In sorrow he would eat its poor products; his grief would be greatly multiplied; he would no longer be the ruler of the earth, its subduer, but the earth and nature in general would revolt against revolting man” (Papakostas 22). There is no mystery about this event. So, first of all, one learns that they suffer because of sin. This is the way things are; it’s reality. Only when one accepts this fact will they be able to deal with the pains.

Shroro Second, this Orthodox Prayer teaches us that suffering allows one to return to the union with God. This return is necessary because humans tend to ‘drift away’. Jesus says in John, “I chose you out of this world: therefore the world hates you” (John 15:18-19). The world hates because we are not of this world. God needs to occasionally remind us that our home is not in this world. Our union with Christ is in another world and suffering is a means in which this reminder takes place. For instance, a routine-stricken man, after surviving a near-death accident, realizes that life is not just about getting up, going to work, having some “fun”, and sleeping. The accident and its sufferings put his life into perspective. It can serve as a means to return to his union with God.

The last part of the prayer speaks of sufferings as being a part of God’s plan in our life. In order for someone to accept this idea, they must change their perspective of how they look at suffering. The prayer goes, “that in due time, when You know best, You will deliver me from this trouble, and turn my distress into comfort”. This statement requires a great amount of faith; for the person is placing his trust in an all-knowing and benevolent God. The sufferings can be approached in either of two main ways. “If we wish to be self-centered about our situation, we can grumble, kick the ground rebelliously, and be defeated by our circumstances” (Keiser 87). The other option would be to let go and leave the future in God’s hand. St. Paul writes of this ‘letting go’ when he says that we are “heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, provided we suffer with Him in order that we may be glorified with Him” (Romans 8:17). From this verse, St. Paul also speaks of being fellow-suffers with Christ through our sufferings. But this idea requires the person to first make the conscious choice to see one’s suffering in a new light. It necessitates the person to be “transformed by the renewal of your mind, that you may prove what is the will of God” (Romans 12:2). This is not an easy task, but by changing our perspective, we can find comfort in knowing that we are not leaving our future to arbitrary means but to the God who love and cares. He knows what’s best for us.

Looking at this idea from another point of view, one can envision God as the vinedresser or potter and humans as the vine or clay. “The vine and branches trust that the Vinedresser knows what he’s doing when he prunes; the clay trusts that the potter has finer plans for it when he slams it back on the wheel” (O’Malley 128). This type of argument cannot be supported rationally. And no one can deny that this change of perspective requires a great amount of trust and faith.

Essentially, the Orthodox Prayer during “times of trouble” offers us a glimpse of why suffering exists. It reminds us of our sins, the need to return to God, and the working out of God’s plan in our lives. The most important question in all of this is, will our sufferings draw us further from or closer to God? This choice is ultimately ours.


Bibliography

Keiser, Michael. For Those Who Hurt. Minneapolis: Light and Life Publishing Company, 1989.
O’Malley, William J. Redemptive Suffering. New York: Crossword Publishing Company, 1997.
Papakostas, Seraphim. For The Hours of Pain. Athens: Zoe, 1967.


source: http://www.socdigest.org/articles/03jan06.html

Counting Patriarchs of the See of Antioch

Counting Patriarchs of the See of Antioch

By Fr. Dale Johnson

The Patriarch of Antioch and all the East - Ignatius Zakka Iwas

Introduction

Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka Iwas is the 122nd Patriarch in the line of Patriarchs descending from Antioch. But when we compare the spiral list of names, presently located at Deir Za'faran Monastery in Mardin, Turkey, to the list on the Syrian Orthodox Resources site we find major differences. Without disputing dates and spellings of names, there remain significant differences in the length of the lists. Counting only the names with dates we observe 150 names on the spiral list. There are clearly extra names and a number of overlaps in the dates of patriarchal reigns.

By carefully reviewing the lists we come to the same number of official Patriarchs. Nevertheless there are some important notations that should be included. I have added notes from the spiral list to the middle column. The variations are cause for further study. But first let us look briefly at the foundation of the See of Antioch in light of Syrian Orthodox history.

Authority of the See of Antioch

In general, the Churches in the "East gave obeisance towards the Church of Antioch, whose bishop from remote antiquity exercised authority over them. This custom was sanctioned by the Council of Nicæa (325). The Fathers of this assembly decreed in the sixth canon that the privileges of the Church of Antioch should be maintained. According to the second canon of the Council of Constantinople (381) the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Antioch comprised all the eastern-most provinces of the Roman Empire. The patriarchate of Antioch lost much of its importance after the middle of the fifth century due to the rise of new centers of authority. The Bishops of Constantinople and Jerusalem aspired to usurp the first rank in the Eastern Church and gradually acquired and attempted to maintain a controlling influence over the Church of Antioch.

But in the latter part of the fifth century, in an attempt to restore the true line of Antioch, Peter Fuller took possession of the patriarchal see of Antioch. After the death of Severus (538) the ancient and authentic line of Antiochian Patriarchs, later to be known as the Syrian Orthodox, were consecrated and elected once again.

In the 13th century the Crusades dramatically impacted and damaged Syrian Orthodox authority both in Antioch and throughout the East. Multiple rival patriarchs fought for control in the turmoil of war and social chaos. The Patriarchal See retreated to the safety of Mardin and the famed Deir Za'faran Monastery where the spiral list of patriarchal names was placed on the chair of the patriarchs. In the following century, stability returned to the patriarchate and patriarchs, and beginning with Yousef bar Wehebin 1293, they began to use the name Ignatius. Upon this chair in Mardin patriarchs ruled for nearly 700 years until the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.

Old Math or New Math

At first it seems according to the spiral list of Patriarchs, Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka Iwas should be the 150th Patriarch. But close inspection reveals that there are 28 illegal or rival Patriarchs in the list. These include seven Arian patriarchs from 331 CE to 360 CE, and five in the next century in the bitter struggle to take back the patriarchal see around the time of Peter the Fuller. Then, in the 6th century there were seven rivals mentioned during the turbulent period that followed and Jacob Bardaeus and Queen Theodora initiated the rightful Syrian control of Antioch.

Political interference by the Caliph during the 9th century imposed two more illegal patriarchs followed by three more who served less than a year and are discounted. These include David (763), Abraham (846), and John in the 11th century. Finally, there are four more rival patriarchs in the rebellious 13th to 14th centuries.

In both lists there were attempts to take control away from the Antiochian line of patriarchs leading to Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka Iwas, even by some of the very partriarchs in the line who tried to break succession and divert control to others. These include Maximos II in 449 and Paul the Black of Alexandria a hundred years later. Those who followed the claims of the Council of Chalcedon even tried to take the throne of Antioch by force by deposing Severius in 518, and mounted other challenges to the See over the centuries. But the strength of the legitimate See of Antioch rested upon a power greater than men, that no human being or institution could destroy.

Today the list of illegal or rival patriarchs reduces the list to an official 122 patriarchs, Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka Iwas being the 122nd. He carries the glory of the traditional name that infers stability and rightful claim to the See of Antioch, the most ancient and honored place of authority. May we be blessed by his rule and the authority of Christ present in the See of Antioch.

The List of the Patriarchs of Antioch

source: http://www.socdigest.org/articles/04sep05.html

The Message of His Holiness Karekin II Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians on the Occasion of the BLESSING OF THE HOLY MURON



The Message of His Holiness Karekin II
Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians
on the Occasion of the BLESSING OF THE HOLY MURON
Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, 28 September 2008

In the Name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Amen.

"You shall prepare oil for holy annointing…
It is sacred, and therefore should remain sacred for you."
(Exodus 30:25-32)

Dear pious Armenian pilgrims,

From the heights of heaven, holiness descends once more today and disperses blessing, grace and exuberance over our homeland, within our souls, and throughout the whole of Armenian life. In the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, with the prayerful participation of the sons and daughters of our nation dispersed throughout the world, we bless the Holy Muron (Chrism) according to the words granted from our Lord. Glory, unending praise and thanks to our all-provident God.

It is through the beneficent Will of God, that on this festive day of the Holy Cross of Varag, we have gathered together with joyful souls to bless the Holy Muron. We are together in our holiest site where Christ Himself descended, which was drawn with heavenly lights as the center of witness of faith and the altar of oath for our people and for all time. For continuous centuries, guided by the spirit of pilgrimage, our Armenian nation, reinforced and renewed with faith, sees their illuminated path to eternity – their path to salvation and God. "So that this illuminates us with faith and we grow in the house of God; so that this renews us with the graces of the Holy Spirit and fills us, makes us fruitful and bountiful with the same." (Catholicos of All Armenians Simeon of Yerevan). The God-granted and soul-sustaining mission of Holy Etchmiadzin, from the time of Saint Gregory our Illuminator, is dispersed and distributed through the Holy Muron to our churches, our hearths and Armenian life around the globe.

On this grace-renewing day of the Blessing of the Holy Muron, we mixed the most noble, aromatic and healing liquids with the fruit of the olive tree – the symbol of peace with our Creator. To this virtuous mixture, we combined the previous Muron, through which, we transmit the oil blessed by our Lord from generation to generation; and also mixed the newly made Muron of the Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia. We blessed it with our sacred and cherished relics – with the saving Cross of our Lord, the Holy Lance, and the Holy Right Hand of our Illuminator Pontiff. With the warmest prayers of our souls, we appealed for the intercession of our holy forefathers, so that the newly blessed Muron, through the permeation of the Holy Spirit, becomes "the seal of heavenly cleanliness". We prayed that the seven virtues of heaven be distributed within our lives, and as God has directed, the Muron be and always remain sacred for all of us. Today, this Muron receives miraculous power with the heavenly graces of the Holy Spirit. Today, this substance, through prayer and entreaty, becomes conscious and alive, "I sanctify you, oil of the olive tree, in the name of Almighty God… so that all influences and powers of satan be persecuted by you, so that you become strengthened with blessing, to seal the Holy Spirit on all those whom you anoint, in the name of the Almighty Father and the Son – our Lord Jesus Christ." (Canon of the Blessing of the Muron).

Through the benevolent Will of God, the Holy Muron is holy and sanctifies. With the luminous and sweet aromatic Muron, we consecrate our churches; transforming them into the house of God. Through their ordination with Muron, clergymen are called to service at the holy altar of our Lord. Through the grace-bearing and grace-dispersing Muron, we are born from the baptismal font as the worthy people of God – as the Holy Armenian Apostolic Church. Through the seal of the Holy Muron, we recognize, live, feel and protect our Armenian and Christian identity and our national wholeness. Sealed with Holy Muron, we have triumphed over all wars of life and death; over all campaigns for survival and endurance, for the sake of our faith and our homeland. Through the power and light of the Muron, we unite our past, present and the future of our children.

The Blessing of the Holy Muron, dear Armenian sons and daughters, is a call and invitation to our nation, to remain under the graces of holiness, to renounce evil and its works, and to keep the light of our Lord’s gospel undimmed in our lives. The Blessing of the Muron is an exhortation to live with Christ, to walk with Christ, since you were baptized in Christ and took on the garment of Christ with the Holy Muron. (ref. Gal 3:27) Only with our Lord and the love He bestows, shall goodness and justice reign in our lives. Only thus shall the sacred faith our fathers remain unshaken and immaculate in our hearts, and our paths shall become successful and full of hope.

Today we, as Pontiff of All Armenians, are encouraged and optimistic, filled with the hopes of the future, since in our native land of Armenia and Artsakh, in our revitalized Church, in our independent state, but especially in the healthy inner-life of our people, we feel and see the awakening and maturing will and imperative to be cleansed, to be purified, and to create a righteous society and just state. We see the will and the demand to heal our national wounds, to overcome the difficulties in our ecclesiastical life – the divisions and diverging opinions brought on by the times. So that in Armenian life, we are one and united, always and forever – one nation, one faith, one Church – with our united homeland, and to proceed to new accomplishments with one will and one mind, to the realization of our righteous aspirations and worthy goals, to the lasting refuge provided for us by God.

We are optimistic and encouraged from all the goodness bequeathed to our nation by God, from all good works that are fruitful in Armenian life in dispersion, from plans turning into reality which serve the welfare of our people, the prosperity of our homeland, and the vibrancy of our Holy Church. Let us unite and strengthen our efforts so that our native land blossoms and lives in God-granted peace and liberty, and gains strength with our Lord’s true love, with the devotion, talent and creativity of its sons and daughters. Let us take care and be attentive so that our Holy Church dispersed throughout the world, always be vibrant through the traditions and contributions of our ancestors, with its God-loving people who are faithful to their Etchmiadzin-sealed souls. May the unity and mission of our Holy Church and the solidarity of our people be fruitful through the miraculous and nation-gathering graces of strength of the luminous Muron.

Dear pious faithful, on this sacred day of Blessing the Holy Muron, let us gaze again to see the descent of our Lord with the ranks of angels, the destruction of the demons of hell with the strike of the golden hammer, and the flow of life-giving waters from the heavenly altar deluging all of Armenian life, which is the Illuminator’s vision of our people’s baptism and rebirth with the Holy Spirit. Let us see and be reinforced with faith, and be filled with new hopes, with the awakening of reborn life.

O Armenian people, O people graced and triumphant, who through the life you have lived from century to century through heroic testimonies, are faithful to your oath with God established through Holy Etchmiadzin. Be renewed daily with your faith, become luminous with the righteous and beneficial results of church-building and nation-devoted works, so that under God’s blessing, our Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin remains eternally unshaken, our homeland forever crowned by Ararat always remains free and independent, and that Armenians always look to the future with confidence.

It is with these emotions and wishes what we welcome the presence of the president of the Republic of Armenia, Serzh Sargsian; president of the Republic of Nagorno Karabagh, Bako Sahakian; and high-ranking state authorities of the Armenians; wishing them success in the progress of Armenia and Artsakh, and for the sake of the right of our people in Artsakh to live free.

With our love in Christ, we extend our fraternal greetings to the incumbents of our hierarchal sees, His Holiness Aram I, Catholicos of the Great House of Cilicia; His Beatitude Torkom Manoogian, Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem; and His Beatitude Mesrob Mutafian, Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople; asking for God’s blessing and assistance for their lives.

We are happy on this joyous day for our people, to welcome in Holy Etchmiadzin our brother in Christ, Ecumenical Patriarch His All Holiness Bartholomew I, asking for God’s protection for his pious flock.

Our love in Christ we also convey to the graceful representatives of our sister Churches, the diplomats accredited in the Republic of Armenia, and representatives of governmental and international organizations, wishing for them God’s daily guidance in their mission of service.

We convey our pontifical blessings and greet the diocesan primates of our Church, diocesan and parochial councils, our oath-bound ranks of clergy, you – our sons and daughters who have come today as pilgrims, and all our pious people in Armenia, Artsakh and the Diaspora.

Let us together pray that the Almighty grant reconciliation to the world, keep our homeland in peace under His grace, and keep our people throughout the world secure and tranquil.

May the newly blessed Muron, as God has directed, be sacred for us and all, now and always. Amen.

source: http://www.theorthodoxchurch.info/blogs/news/2008/09/h-h-karekin-ii-blesses-ingredients-for.html


H H Karekin II Blesses the ingredients for the Holy Muron





































































H H Karekin II Blessing Ingredients of the Holy Muron-
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